![]() ![]() Four others did not declare for secession until after the Battle of Fort Sumter and were briefly considered to be border states: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Two others, Kentucky and Missouri, saw rival governments, although their territory mostly stayed in Union control. ![]() Maryland was largely prevented from seceding by local unionists and federal troops. states in 1861, nineteen were free states and fifteen were slave including the four border states each of the latter held a comparatively low percentage of slaves. To their north they bordered free states of the Union, and all but Delaware bordered slave states of the Confederacy to their south. ![]() They were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, and after 1863, the new state of West Virginia. In the context of the American Civil War (1861–65), the border states were slave states that did not secede from the Union. Unshaded areas were not states before or during the Civil War. Blue represents Union states, including those admitted during the war light blue represents border states red represents Confederate states. Slave states that did not secede from the Union during the American Civil War Historical military map of the border and southern states by Phelps & Watson, 1866 Map of the division of the states during the Civil War. ![]()
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